Russia has adapted its espionage operations in Ireland and has shifted its focus to networks of “illegals” – spies of various nationalities undertaking “long term, deep cover” missions.
The Kremlin’s expanding web of the Russian Federation’s surveillance activities in Ireland mirrors a broader trend across Europe.
Just last week, Britain’s security services confirmed they had charged three Bulgarian nationals accused of espionage on behalf of Russia under the Official Secrets Act. The three had posed as journalists, highlighting the use of sleeper agents. Greece and Slovenia have made similar discoveries.
The Slovenian authorities last year arrested two Russian spies posing as an Argentinian couple called Maria and Ludwig, who had settled in Ljubljana five years ago with their two young children.
Historically, Russia has employed