FIFA have introduced a new concussion protocol ahead of the 2022 World Cup – to avoid a repeat of the horror in 2014.
Should a concussion occur, protocol now allows for a single additional permanent concussion substitution (APCS).
This sub allows a team to withdraw a player who has suffered a head injury but does not impact the five permitted substitutions.
The opposing team is granted an additional substitution with each APCS to avoid any advantage.
Two additional permanent concussion substitutions (APCS) have been allowed in the Premier League since February 2021, after a trial period.