Tear gas fired by Indonesian police triggered last month’s deadly crush at a football match which left 135 people dead, a report says.
The country’s human rights commission also said that most of the deaths at the Kanjuruhan stadium in Malang, East Java, were caused by asphyxiation.
Komnas HAM also pointed to the excessive use of force by officers on 1 October.
Six people, including officers and organisers, now face criminal charges.
The disaster happened after Arema FC fans ran on to the pitch following their team’s defeat to rivals Persebaya Surabaya, and tear gas was then fired, the body said.