Spain’s former King Juan Carlos is seeking legal immunity in a UK appeals court over harassment claims brought by his ex-mistress.
The hearing in London follows fresh allegations about his conduct by Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein in a new podcast.
The British resident accuses Mr Carlos of spying on and harassing her after their relationship broke down in 2012.
The former king, who abdicated in 2014, denies any wrongdoing.
Juan Carlos, who lives in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), did not attend the hearing – and a ruling is expected in several weeks.